Lipinski's Rule of Five (≤1 violation = pass) MW ≤ 500, LogP ≤ 5, HBD ≤ 5, HBA ≤ 10 BCS Classification: Class I: High Sol, High Perm (best) Class II: Low Sol, High Perm (dissolution-limited) Class III:High Sol, Low Perm (permeability-limited) Class IV: Low Sol, Low Perm (poor) Dose/Solubility Ratio = Dose (mg) / Solubility (mg/mL) High solubility if ≤ 250 mL (pH 1–7.5) Predicted Fa (fraction absorbed): Fa ≈ 1 - exp(-2·Peff) (simplified)