Governing Equations

Resolution:
  Rs = 2(tR2 - tR1) / (w1 + w2)
  Acceptable: Rs ≥ 2.0

Theoretical Plates:
  N = 16(tR/w)² = 5.54(tR/w½)²

Tailing Factor:
  Tf = (f + t) / 2f  where f = front width from peak max

Pressure Drop (ΔP):
  ΔP ≈ (η·L·F·u) / (dp²)  (Kozeny-Carman proxy)

Retention Time:
  tR = t0 · (1 + k')
  k' = (tR - t0) / t0  (capacity factor)

t0 = Vdead / F ≈ 0.5 · Vcolumn / F