Governing Equations

IVT (In Vitro Transcription) Yield:
  Yield = Template × NTP_efficiency × Polymerase_activity × Time
  Typical: 5-10 mg mRNA / mL reaction

Microfluidic Mixing (Encapsulation):
  Re ∝ Flow_rate · Channel_diameter / Viscosity
  Turbulent mixing: Re > 2000 → better encapsulation

Encapsulation Efficiency (EE):
  EE = (Total_mRNA - Free_mRNA) / Total_mRNA × 100%
  Target: > 90%

DLS Particle Size:
  Size ∝ 1/FRR + Lipid_composition
  Target: 80-120 nm, PDI < 0.2

Potency Prediction:
  Potency = EE × Integrity × Translation_efficiency
  Integrity = Full_length / (Full_length + Truncated)

Capping Efficiency:
  Cap0 → Cap1 (enzymatic)
  Target: > 95% Cap1