Governing Equations

Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm (simplified):
  q = qmax · C / (Kd + C)

Breakthrough:
  BT% = (C/C0) · 100 when C/C0 > 0.05

Yield:
  Yield = (mass in pool / mass loaded) · 100%

HCP Clearance:
  Log reduction = log10(HCP_load / HCP_pool)

Pool Volume:
  Vpool = (Apeak_start to Apeak_end) / flow_rate

Step Elution:
  C_eluted = C_load · exp(-k · (V - V0))